在SpringBoot中如何实现异常处理？

public class CustomException extends RuntimeException {
    private String message;

    public CustomException(String message) {
        super(message);
        this.message = message;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
}

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    // 处理自定义异常
    @ExceptionHandler(CustomException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<String> handleCustomException(CustomException ex) {
        return new ResponseEntity<>(ex.getMessage(), HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
    }

    // 处理通用异常
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity<String> handleGeneralException(Exception ex) {
        return new ResponseEntity<>("An unexpected error occurred.", HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
    }
}

@RestController
public class SampleController {

    @GetMapping("/test")
    public String testExceptionHandling() {
        throw new CustomException("This is a custom exception!");
    }
}

public class AuthenticationException extends RuntimeException {
    public AuthenticationException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

@ExceptionHandler(AuthenticationException.class)
public ResponseEntity<String> handleAuthenticationException(AuthenticationException ex) {
    return new ResponseEntity<>(ex.getMessage(), HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
}

@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
public class ResourceNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
    public ResourceNotFoundException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

public class ErrorResponse {
    private String message;
    private String details;
    private LocalDateTime timestamp;

    public ErrorResponse(String message, String details) {
        this.message = message;
        this.details = details;
        this.timestamp = LocalDateTime.now();
    }

    // Getter and Setter methods
}

@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleGeneralException(Exception ex) {
    ErrorResponse errorResponse = new ErrorResponse(ex.getMessage(), "Details about the error");
    return new ResponseEntity<>(errorResponse, HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
}